Individual Values and Society

Values are things or acts which are chosen by and are desirable to an individual or to society within a certain frame of reference. Business papers highlight both objects and acts-material things like Currency or Picasso Paintings and immaterial qualities like the goodness of a charitable act as all these are obviously values. There is always an element of choice. Business papers emphasis that where there is no choice, there is only necessity, not value. On reading our Business Papers you will understand that whatever is taken for granted has no value. To a perfectly healthy person or animal, health is not a value but it is simply taken care of by biological functions. Only when we envisage possible danger and can do something about it does health become a value. Prolongation of human life is possible; physical immortality is not. The first is a value, not the second. We have to pay for food, not for breathing air; therefore, the first has value, the second does not, even though it is equally indispensible for life.

This criterion applies to actions. In the course of a day, we perform innumerable actions which have no value involvement at all. Only where there is both choice and preferably do value judgments appear. Nobody cares what way a person choose to arrive at the office but consistently coming late or early is evaluated. On the other hand, if a person falls into the river and saves himself by swimming, this is not considered to be a moral act because it is pre-supposed that there is no choice between drowning and swimming. If another person falls into the river and you save him, you may get a medal because it is presupposed that you had a choice and took the socially desirable action.
Pleasure, social virtues, goodness, truth, beauty and deity, is based on approved notions of society and individuals act accordingly to get approval, acceptance and recognition. The ultimate aim of the individuals is to make stable society for effective living based on common values.

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Psychology: Resources to Modern Man

The problems of the twentieth century are problems of human relations quite as much as problems of technology. In modern life many professional resources are available to the individual who needs assistance in solving his problems. He can go to the lawyer for legal advice, consult a medical practitioner for physical ailments, have an architect design his home and obtain the services of innumerable other specialists for other special problems. As psychology has come to age, people have turned increasingly to professional psychologists and other qualified counsellors for help with marital, occupational, and educational problems.

Psychologists give out counselling for educational, occupational, and martial planning or help with problems. It is an assistance extended to individuals to make plans or solve particular personal problem. It is task centred and usually of short duration. Typically it begins with assessment of the individuals’ needs and resources, continues with clarification of alternative courses open to individual and terminates when a decision is reached, perhaps with a follow-up report session.
Psychotherapy is aimed at personality change and more effective methods of coping with problems. It may take the form of individual or group therapy or a combination of the two. Specific goals vary, depending on the client’s problem and life situation.
Group therapy is helpful for people with many kinds of problems. It provides a miniature laboratory of life where the group members can gain insight into their own behaviour and try out new and more effective coping patterns. Where the group consist of family members, the focus may also be on achieving more effective functioning of the marital or family group.
Modern psychology has resources through which individuals can be helped to achieve greater fulfilment of their potentialities and a richer and more satisfying life. Psychology helps the modern man through personal adjustment and growth, and solution to the specific problem.

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Managerial Strategy for Self Actualizing Man

More many decades now psychologists studying human behaviour in organizations have come to Mayo’s conclusion that man strongly wants to promote or cultivate his full potential; our cheap term papers conceptualizes that organizational life particularly in industry has removed meaning from work. In our cheap term papers you will find that this loss of meaning is not related so much to man’s social needs as to man’s inherent need to use his capacities and skills in a mature and productive way.
Cheap term papers about Self Actualization will elaborate that for Argyris, Maslow, McGregor and others who tend towards this point of view the problem is that most jobs in modern industry are so specialized or fragmented that they neither permit the worker to use his capacities nor enable him to see the relationship between what he is doing and the total organizational mission. Through cheap term papers on Self Actualization you will learn that even the lowliest untalented man seeks self-actualization, a sense of meaning and accomplishment in his work if his other needs are more or less fulfilled.
Our Cheap term papers cover the fact that man is primarily self-motivated and self-controlled; externally imposed incentives and controls are likely to threaten the person and reduce him to a less mature adjustment. In our cheap term papers you will learn that self-actualization is always evolving. Man in such an environment happily makes use of his abilities for the common good, the man progresses and so does the organization.
Cheap term papers on Self Actualization will highlight the man Maslow who coined this term. He emphasized that a self actualization man is career oriented, or goal dedicated. His concentration in purpose is higher than his care of his own self. The task is picked through free choice. Other features include imagination, hard work, voluntary desire to do work, and courage to face all. Cheap term papers discuss the basic human needs and motivation theory in management. The inborn need cannot be ignored as inconsequential in the work sphere. The need of growth is individualized in each of us. Management can take advantage of it for the progress of the organization. The individual must first understand his inner thoughts and then chart his way of life.
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Family and Individualist Attitude

Not so long ago the best family structure was the father as the bread winner the mother as the household manager and lots of extended family. Industrialization changed family structure from joint family to nuclear family. The location of the dwelling changed but contact with the extended family was meticulously maintained. The behaviour was still moulded by traditions and through group following. Group had control over the individual. Gradually the cost of living compelled both partners to work outside the home and children grew up in an environment where time was scarce and the competition high. Each one had to fend for themselves. It was survival of the fittest. Some societies were more industrialized then the other. The social structure of most of the Western nations is individualistic whereas the Eastern nations are to some degree still collective in binding. This happened because more emphasis was given to individual achievement and calibre rather than that of the group. So the new trend seemed to say’ can I go my way?’

Individualism is affected by urbanization level of education and diversification of nuclear family structure. The pervious stereotypes have given way to new outlook learnt through media and reinforced by the educational system. The global adaptability shows through the varying degree of swing between traditionalistic and modern attitude. The individualistic attitude is shown through the behaviour when the individual is slackly connected to the group and preferably rigorously chases personal interests and not that of the social group. These individuals liked to be labelled as modern.
The mind set is characterised by such attitudes like freedom from parental control, membership with secondary groups, acceptance to innovation, conviction in science dogma, ambitious for good education and career, prefer government where public is taken into account etc. Conformity and individualism is two end of the same concept. Self reliance is the need of the hour.

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MEDIA ICON

Adulation, cynosure of all eyes, flashing bulbs, designer attire, physically attractive role model etc are terms all applicable to celebrity. Their life style is the dream of the millions. If we go into flash back mode and remember our childhood years the graphically remembered are the images and sound bites of the media. What they projected and how they projected we imbibed and created our attitude for reference to how we move how we dress and wish to live our life in general. Today we see media icons in all fields from politics to fund raising, to culture and social service. Fame has existed for centuries but celebrity is a twenty-first century new reflected facade. It compromises both the social and antisocial celebrity. In the media backroom many minds ponder over techniques to spirally route the popularity and rating of channels and newspapers and an icon is created in every field enduring reinforced effective disclosures.

A decade or more ago there was possibility that children hero-worshiped one of the family members, however now the place has been overtaken by celebrity. This happens because the public devours media coverage and affiliate with same values roles and gender yoke. It is not just the news but soap operate glossy magazines typifies personality. Media presents a consolidated global vision; the audience find an escape into fantasy and thus gratification of need. The public displays involved stirring actions towards the media.
The media beset glamorized power privilege, and mobility celebrity as achievers. These traits in themselves are not abhorred but when part of public begins to trend on lopsided image it is fixation where the bad from the good is not distinguished. The ideology put forward by media is instilled by educational institutes again reaffirmed by electronic media through billions of images globally every day. The desperation of paparazzi confirms personality fads which have lapped up the common man. It is time we were skeptical about the hyped images we see in media. It’s right to question media judgment.

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Teacher verses technology for instruction

The term online tutor originated only recently with the global computer internet connectivity. The enterprising educationists saw this as a tool to propagate teaching. Thus began the journey of virtual class rooms where strong currency nations engaged qualified teachers from weak currency nations to tutor students through computer after school hours. The interface is the whiteboard for written work and explanations are made audible through voice software and headphones. The teachers engaged were qualified with a basic teaching degree; they are further trained through the internet in accent classes. The new trend delighted many but the core educationists were apprehensive of its long term repercussions.


Man is a social animal and enjoys face to face interactions. This basic need is fulfilled in class room situations. The judgment of each other is based not just on knowledge but also through body language eye expressions and the facial muscle movements. The teacher through these reading knows whether a concept has been understood or not. The students cannot leave the class without the permission of the teacher. All these parameters are lacking in a virtual class. Once the teacher is online she has no control if the student vanishes midway through the class. In formative years the child is not able to handle technology on his own and is easily distracted when communication is in-comprehensive to him.
There are certain other educational areas where technology is the only method to learn. In language learning tape recorder and cassettes work wonderfully for practice sessions. In the same way college students who enroll with far flung foreign universities for studies find computers very useful. Here the weekend contact classes are taken seriously and students benefit from virtual classes.
At present the classroom teaching has to be supplemented by virtual class rooms. Global interaction through technology can fill the gap of alienation, making the coming generation socially apt and confident in handling communities and technology. It is a wise decision to spend money in creating skilled teachers who at their discretion will charter the technology laden path.

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Learning through Online education system

Learning, as we all know is an interactive process. In a traditional class room situation a teacher communicates with students to aid learning. It has been so for centuries but now computers have revolutionized education. The teaching interface in unison with technology based interactive mechanism, built through multifaceted video, audio, computer and networking technologies has made all that seemed impossible, possible. As soon as you log on the designated site at the appointed time you have access to the virtual classroom. Much different topological geography may separate the teacher and the taught but each one can view the other, hear the voice clearly and interact well throughout. Can we then predict with certainty that in coming years as the technology gets more refined the virtual classroom will no longer be a sheer figment of our imagination but a reality. At present online education is limited to tutorials on one to one ratio of child and teacher.

Online education is entitled by different names like web based-education, computer-mediated education, virtual education, online education and internet-based education; primarily they stand for the same thing-education through computer internet. All the educational content is passed on as text and classroom teaching is through whiteboard and lecture method. The facility of education is now available all day all time and at any place through computer and internet. Classrooms have now reached homes. The existing online educational institutes offer students the facility of internet resource library. At present it is presumed that college going students will benefit more from online learning centers than school going children because they are able to make intelligent choices. Moreover students for whom school was an impossible dream because of personal circumstances can enroll in online educational programmes and study from home.
Educational method is more democratic now. The policies were democratic but not the implementation. Technology has reached the remotest child with education at the door steps.

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